Waggaa Haaraa ilaalchisuun dhaamsa ABO

Amajjii 2015

• Miseensota ABO QBO Dirqama Duraa Godhatuun Qabsootti Dhaabbataa Jirtan;
• Waraana Bilisummaa Oromoo Bilisummaa Oromoo Dhugoomsuuf Wareega Qaalii Baasaa Jirtu;
• Dargaggootaa Oromoo, Sirnaa fi Diina Farra Oromoo fi Bilisummaa Oromoo Irratti Finciluun Mirga Ummata Keessaniif Falmaa Hadhawaa garuu Boonsaa Irratti Cichitanii Argamtan;
• Ummata Oromoo, Sirna Gabrummaa Haalaan Hadhaawaa fi Umurii Dheeraa Of Irraa Darbatuuf Qbsoo Haqaa of Irratti Irkannoo Qofaan Gaggeessaa Jirtu;

Akkasumas Firoottan QBO

Baga waggaa haaraa 2015 geessan. Waggaan haaraa kunis waggaa ummatni Oromoo bittaa alagaa of irraa kuffisee bilisummaa fi walabummaa biyyaa isaa qabsoo isaatiin itti gonfatu akka tahu, akkasumas diinni ummatoota cunqurfamoo irratti roorrisaa jiru itti jilbeenfachiisamee, hawwii fi fedhiin ummatootaa itti guutamu akka tahu ABOn hawwa.

Waggaa haaraa seene kana keessa maaltu raawwatamuu qaba? Fedhii fi hawwiin ummata qabsoofnuuf akkamiin guutama? gaaffiilee jedhaniif deebii gahaa fi qabatamaa kennuuf waggaa dabre keessa kan raawwatamee fi kan hanqate ilaallatuun fardii dha. Kanaaf bara 2014 keessa haala dhaabni keenya ABOn keessa ture, haala ummata keenyaa fi haala diinaa wal yaadachiisuu feesisa.

Guyyaa ummatni Oromoo gabrummaa jalatti kufee eegalee mootummootni Itophiyaa sirnoota gara garaa fi mootummaa adda addaa diriirsan irratti wal jijjiiruun kan mul’ataa ture tahullee jijjiirraan sirnaa fi mootummootaa ummata Oromoo irraan miidhaa irra caalaa dhaqabsiisuu fi mirga uumaa fi seeraan qabu dhiphisuu malee isaanii ummata Oromoo akka ummataatti ilaalanii mirgi isaa akka kabajamu yeroon fedhii itti agarsiisan hin mul’atne. Mootummootni Itophiyaa hundi akkaataa itti qabeenya ummata Oromoo saaman, ummata Oromoo hamilee cabsuun bittaa jala turfatan irratti karoorfatuun hojjatan. Kanas gochaan isaan ummata Oromoo irratti bara baraan raawwatan ifatti agarsiisa. Addatti ammoo mootummaan Wayyaanee Itophiyaa bituuf erga humnaan of labseen asitti gochaalee ummata Oromoo qofa osoo hin taane ummatoota hunda dheekamsiise, gadadeesse, diinummaa babal’ise fi ummatoota gaddisiise ifaa fi dhoksaan raawwatuun impaayera humnaan bitaa jiru kufaatiitti fi gadadootti oofuu irratti argama. Mootummaan Wayyaanee/IHADG gaaffii ummatootaa karaa nagaa deebisuu irra maaf gaaffii mirgaa kaaftan? jechuun ukkaamsuuf humnatti gargaaramuu filatuun ummatoota caalaatti fincilsiisaa fi mirga isaaniif akka falmataniif kakaasa jira.

Ummatni Oromoo mootummaa kan kiyya jedhuu fi dantaa isaaf dhaabbatu dhabuu irraa waggoota dheeraaf qabsoo wal irraa hin citni geggeesse. Hawwii fi fedhii ummata Oromoo kana guutuuf ABOn dirqama qabsoo Oromoo hogganuu fudhatuun qabsoon bilisummaa fi walabummaa geggeessaa jiruun injifannoolee hin tuffatamne argamsiisuu irratti milkaa’ullee kan hafatee jiru hubatuun QBO finiinsaa akka jiru hubatamaa dha. Falmaa diina irratti adeemsisaa jiru kanaanis caasaalee fi ijaarsa diinaa ummata Oromoo irratti xiyyeeffatan, lukkeelee diinaa Oromiyaa fi ummata Oromoo keessa jiraataa isa basaasuu fi saamuu keessatti qooda kennan, waraanaa fi humna baasasa diinaa ummata Oromoo mirga isaaf falmatu ajjeesuu fi hiraarsuu irratti bobba’an irratti tarkaanfiilee hedduu fudhatuun adaba malu kennaafii ture. Kana keessatti WBO goleelee Oromiyaa adda addaa keessatti tarkaanfii fudhataa tureen QBO deebii quubsaa argatu malee kan hin dhaamne tahuu mirkaneessuun caalaatti mooraa diinaa dhiphisaa fi diigaa akka jiru ifaa dha. Kun ammoo bara haaraa kana keessa hanga ummanti keenya mirga isaa harka galfatu jabaatee kan itti fufu tahuun hin shakkisiisu.

QBO ABOn durfamu har’a sadarkaan irra gahe amansiisaa fi kan humni kamiyyuu ukkaamsuu hin dandeenye tahuu sochii bal’aa Oromiyaa keessatti adeemsifamaa jiru irraa ni hubatama. Sochiilee roga afran Oromiyaa keessatti finiinaa turanii fi jiran kana keessatti qoodni maadheelee ABO, dargaggootaa fi ummataa ol aanaa tahuun hin falamsiisu. Waggaa dabarsine keessa Oromiyaa keessaa bakki itti dargaggoo fi ummatni fincila itti hin adeemsifamiin hafe hin jiru jechuun ni danda’ama. Keessattuu manneen barnootaa sadarkaa ol aanaa irraa hanga gidduu galeessaatti shira diinaa saaxiluu fi mirgi ummata Oromoo akka kabajamu gaafatuun diddaan agarsiisan kanneen haqaaf falman hunda kan boonsee fi gammachiise, mooraa saamtotaa fi cunqursitootaa raasee fi sarde ture.

Mootummaan abbaa irree fi loogummaa sanyii geggeessuun beekamu sirna isaa kufaatii irraa hambisuuf akkuma aadeeffate humnatti fayyadamuu filatuu irraa dargaggoo fi barattooota Oromoo gaaffii isaanii karaa nagaa dhiheeffatan irratti waraana bobbaasuun lubbuu ilmaan Oromoo hedduu galaafachiisee jira. Kumootaanis hidhaatti guuruu fi barnootaa irraa ari’uun haaloo bahatuuf yaaleera. Haa tahu malee dhiigni ilmaan Oromoo Wayyaaneen dhangalaafame ilmaan Oromoo sabboontotaa fi muratoo kumootaan horee mooraa qabsootti akka makaman taasise malee sodaan manatti akka dacha’an taasisuu hin dandeenye. Hin danda’us. ABOn Fincila Diddaa Gabrummaa keessatti kanneen wareegaman hunda oggaa yaadatu akeeka kufaniif bakkaan gahuuf waadaa seenuudhaani.

Waggaa dabarsine keessa mootummaan Wayyaanee mirga ummata Oromoo caalaatti dhiphisaa, lafa isaa irraa ari’uu fi bal’ifatuuf karoora “Master Plan” jedhuun eegale mormii guddaa dhalchee shirri yaade saaxilamuun ni yaadatama. Kun ammoo kanneen Oromummaaf hadoodan qofa osoo hin taane kanneen mootummichaaf ulee tahanii ummata Oromoo dararaa jiran gidduutti iyyuu mormii dhalchee mootummaa farra ummatootaa qullaa dhaabeera. Karoora kana duubaan akeekni jiru maal akka tahe Oromoon ifa gochuu danda’uu qofa osoo hin taane mootummaan Itophiyaa kamuu ilaalchi ummata Oromoof qaban kan diinummaa tahuu ittiin saaxiluuu danda’ee jira. Ummatni keenya biyyoota alaa adda addaa keessa jiraatus aggaammii diinaa kana dura dhaabbatuun sagalee ummata Oromoo mootummootaa fi dhaabbattoota addunyaa gara garaa birattti dhageettii akka argatu gochuuf kana sana osoo hin jenne harka wal qabatee ka’uun mormii fi balaaleffannaan agarsiise kan dinqisiifamu dha. Bara kanas caalaatti tokkummaa isaa jabeeffatuun midhaa ummata Oromoo irra gahaa jiru akka dhageessisu ABOn amana.

Bara 2014 mooraa Qabsoo Bilisummaa gabbisuuf tarkaanfii fudhatameen milkiin argames kan jajjabeessuu fi mooraa qabsoo itichu keessatti gumaache dha. ABOn humnaa fi dandeettii Oromoo bifa qindaa’aan qabsoo irra akka ooluuf sochii adeemsisaa tureen ABO ShG fi ABO-QC kaayyoo tokko, heera tokko, sagantaa siyaasaa tokkoo fi hooggana tokko jalatti deebisuu danda’uun milkii ummata Oromoo fi firoottan qabsoo Oromoo hunda gammachiise dha. Kana malees jaarmayoota Oromoo biroo kanneen kaayyoo bilisummaa fi walabummaatti amanan waliin mareen qabsoo irratti wal tumsuuf ykn bifa waltahinis irra gahameen qabsoo waliin qindeeffatuuf tattaaffii itti fufee jira. Qabsoo irratti wal tumsuuf sirna kana dandeessisuu tolfatuu humna qabsoo qisaasama irraa hambisuuf yaalii taasifamaa jiru kanas kanneen suduudaan dhimmi ilaaluu fi lammiileen Oromoo hundi deggersa isaanii akka itti fufan ABOn hiree kanaan yaadachiisa.

Sochii waraanaa fi siyaasaatti dabalee roorroo ummata keenya irra gahaa jiru mootummoota, jaarmayoota Idil Addunyaa fi Godinaalee hubachiisuu irratti sochii gama diplomaasiin godhameen tattaaffiin godhames kan jajjabeessu tahuu ABOn hubachiisuu fedha.

Sochii diplomaasii kanaan,

Ajjeechaa barattoota Oromoo fi lammiilee Oromoo biraa irratti raawwatame addunyaan akka hubatu taasisuu, kana irratti qoodni ummata keenya biyyoota alaa keessa jiraatu ol aanaa tahuu fi akka diinni barbaaduutti osoo wal hin qoodiin tokkummaan sagalee ummata isaa dhageessiuu danda’uun jabina mooraa qabsoo Oromoo keessatti mul’ate kan fuula durattis itti fufuu qabu dha.
Lafti Oromoo seeraan alatti saamamee alagaaf qoodamaa, ummatni Oromoo ammoo hiyyummaa keessaa bahuun hin laaffanetti gatamaa akka jiru,

Lammiileen Oromoo Oromummaa isaanii fi yaada kan mootummaan alaa qabaachuu qofaan adamsamanii hidhaatti guuramaa akka jiranii fi lakkoobsa hidhamaa Impaayera Itophiyaa keessaa baay’een Oromoo tahuu,

Lammiilee Itophiyaa cunqursaa fi roorroo adda addaa jalaa bahuuf biyyoota alaatti osoo baqatanii kanneen gammoojjii keessattii dhuman, galaana osoo qaxxaamuranii dhabaman harka guddeessaan Oromoo tahuu,

Mootummaan Wayyaanee preesii walaba ukkaamsuun tarree biyyoota maqaan dura kaafaman keessa kan jiru, dhimma amantii keessa seenuun amantoota amantii gara garaa hiraarsuun kan beekame, lafa baadiyyaa qofa osoo hin taane lafa magaalaa saamuun ummatoota addatti ammoo ummatni Oromoo lafa dhablee fi mirga dhablee taasisee miidhaa ol aanaa fi suukaneessaa irra gahaa akka jiru ragaalee qabatamoo waliin dhiheessuun ilaalcha mootummaa kanaaf qaban akka irra deebi’anii ilaalan gochuuf yaaliin godhame kan laafaatti ilaalamu miti.

Har’a ummatni Oromoo cunqursaa baroota dheeraa irra ture of irraa jigsuuf qabsoo isaa finiinsaa akka jiru hubatamaa dha. Fincila ummataa kana dhaamsuuf diinni qabeenya hedduu irratti dhangalaasuu irratti argama. Humna waraanaa fi tikaa ummatatti bobbaasee nagaa dhorkataa fi jeequu irratti argama. Shira diinaa kana fashalsuun QBO rarraga bilisummaan gahuufis waggaa haaraa kana jabinaa fi murannoon hojjachuun dirqama qabsaawotaa fi lammiilee hundaa tahuu ABO hubachiisa.

Akkuma beekamu mootummaan Wayyaanee mootummaa sirnaawaa fi seerawaa of fakkeessuuf yerooo gara garaa filannoo adeemsisaa akka ture ni yaadatama. Filannoon Wayyaaneen geggeeffaman hundi ulaagaa filannoo dimokraatawaa kan hin guutne tahuu kan addunyaan hundi ragaa itti bahe dha. Filannoon waggaa kana keessa adeemsisuuf itti qophaa’aa jirus kan kanaan duraa irra addummaa kan hin qabne, filannoo Wayyaanotni qofti keessatti dorgoman tahuu qophii itti jiran irraa hubatuutu danda’ama. Waan taheef ummatootni Itophiyaa addatti ammoo ummatni Oromoo filannoo isa hin ilaallee fi bakka bu’oota isaa ittiin filatuu hin dandeenye kana irratti yeroo isaa gubuu dhiisee qabsoo isaa diina irratti akka finiinsu ABOn waamicha gadi jabeessee dabarsaaf. Filannoo kana keessaa qooda fudahtanii Wayyaanota fi Lukkeelee isaanii filuun haada waggaa 23 morma ummataa hudhee jiru ofitti jabeessuun of ajjeessu waan taheef kan darbe irraa baratamee guutummaatti lagatamuun qabsoo finiinsuun mirga ofiif qofa hiriiruu irratti akka fuulleeffatamu hubachiifna.

Mirgi keenya kan kabajamu diina of irratti filuun osoo hin taane qabsoo gosa hundaa finiinsuun mirga keenya bortaan mulqame of harka galfatuuf qabsaa’uun qofa. Qabsoo ummatni Oromoo itti jiru kan shaffisiisuu fi galii isaa dhaqqabsiisu falmaa biyya keessaa jabeessuun tahuun hin falamsiisu. Ijaaramuu, qajeelfamaa fi bulchinsa diinaa diduun, imammata mootummaa hojiitti hiikuu lagatuun tokkummaa ofii cimsatuun diina irratti falmaa geggeessuun alatti filmaatni biraa hin jiru. Kanaaf kanneen QBO mararfatan marti ABO,WBO fi SBO fi JARMAYAA DARGAGGOOTAA (QEERROO)f ilaalcha addaa kennuun caalaatti jabeessuu irratti bobba’uun hojjatuun dirqama ulfaataa nu eeggatu dha.

WBOn haalota ulfaatoo fi hamoo isa mudatan hunda irra aanee kan qabsoo itti fufuu danda’e deggersa gosa hundaa ummata keenya biyya keessaa fi ala irraa argatuuni. Ummatni Oromoo ilmaan isaa cinaa dhaabbatuun waan irraa barbaadamu guutuutti dabalee qaamaan itti makamuun WBO jabeessuu irratti qoodni gumaachaa turee fi jiru yoomiyyuu kan hin dagatamne seenaa keessatti ifee mul’ataa jiraatu dha. Wareegama hanga ammaatti baafame firii itti gochuun qadaaduuf bara 2015 bara WBO jabeessuu dirqama duraa godhatuun qabeenya, beekumsaa fi huna namaan gabbisuuf haa hojjatnuun waamicha isa hangafa ABO waggaa haaraa ti. Keessattuu ummatni keenya biyyoota alaatti argamu kana hubatuun dirqama lammummaa isaa akka bahatu ABOn waamicha isaa dabarsa. Kanaaf 2015 bara WBO itti tinnisnu akka tahu ABOn yaadachiisa. ABOn waamicha dhiheessu kanaafis ummata irraa deebii quubsaa kan argatu tahu abdii guutuu qaba.

Wayta ammaa kana midiyaaleen adda addaa biyyoota alaa irraa dhimma ummata Oromoo tarkaanfachiisuuf dhaamsa gara garaa dabarsaa jiran. Dhimmi ummata Oromoo caalaatti dhageettii akka horatuu fi deggersa argatu gochuuf tarkaanfiilee WBOn fudhatu dhageessisuu keessatti qooda isaanii akka gumachan ABOn waamicha dabarsaaf.

Waggooti bittaa Wayyaanee dabran, murni humnaan aangootti dhufe humnaan malee aangoo karaa nagaa kan gad hin dhiisne tahuu ummatoota Itophiyaa haalaan hubachiisan. Mirga ummatootaaf kan dhaabbatan, sirna dimokraasii kan diriirsan tahuu lallaba isaanii hifachiisan lallabaa oolan iyyuu gochaan isaanii akeeka isaanii waan ibsuuf sadarkaa ummatoota akka kanaan duraatti sobuu hin dandeenye gahee jira. Kanaafis ummatootni bakkaa bakkatti kan diddaa isaanii agarsiisaa fi finiinsaa jiran.

ABOn tattaaffii ummatoota cunqurfamoo kana ni dinqsiifata. Kan isaaf danda’ame hundaanis kan waliin dhaabbatu tahuu mirkaneessa. Ummatni Oromoos kanneen cunqursaa irra gahu jalaa walaboomuuf qabsaawaa jiran karaa danda’ameen jajjabeessuu irratti akka hojjatu waamicha isaa dabarsaaf. Olola diinaa ummatoota walitti buusuu fi diinomsuuf osoo bakka hin laatne kan diina waloo of irraa buqqaasuun danda’amu cunqurfamootni wal tahuun akka tahe hubatuun bal’inaan akka irratti fulleeffatuun hijjatamu ABOn yaadachiisa.

Ummatni Oromoo hiraara irra gahaa jiru keessaa bahuuf abdiin isaa qabsoo bilisummaa ABOn durfamu akkaa tahe ifaa dha. Ummatni Oromoo ABO kan abdatuufis dantaa ummata Oromoof kan dhaabbate tahuu fi falmaa QBO keessatti haqa ummata Oromoo dhugoomsuu keessatti wareegama ulfaataa baasuu hubatuu irraa ti. Bara haaraa kana keessatti abdii fi hawwiin isaa guutame walabummaa isaa akka gonfatu dandeessisuu keessatti ABOn qooda irraa eegamu gumaachuu irraa kan booda hin jenne tahuu mirkaneessaa kana guuttatuuf harka wal qabannee tokkummaan haa kaanu jedha.

Akkuma waggaa dabre keessa oggaa saamamnu, ajjeefamnuu fi hidhaatti guuramnu callisnee hin ilaallu jechuun tarkaanfiilee adda adda fudhataa turre bara kanass caalaatti babal’isuu fi finiinsuun umrii bittaa alagaa haa gabaabsinu.

Ummatni, addatti dargaggoo fi barattootni gabrummaa hin dhaallu jechuun harka qullaa diina hidhataa dura dhaabbatuun wareegama baasaniin ummata Oromoo boonsanii fi abdii itti horaan qabsoo itti jiran finiinsuuf caalaatti wal ijaaranii fi gurmaa’anii akka sochii isaanii cimsan ABOn dhaamaaf. Caalaatti ijaaramanii falmaa jalqabame bakkaan gahuuf caalaatti socho’uun alatti filmaatni biraa fi daandiin biraa akka hin jirre gadi jabeessinee hubachiifna.

Mootummaa farra ummatootaa kan ummatoota walitti buusuu fi diinomsuun umrii bittaa isaa dheereffatuu barbaadu kana of irraa gatuuf cunqurfamootni hundi akka qabsoo isaanii finiinsan ABOn hubachiisa. Wal irratti osoo hin taane diina irratti ha bobbaanu. Wal tahuu fi wal dhaga’uun sochii goonuun fi wareegama baafnuun umrii bittaa cunqursaa haa gabaabsinu.

Injifannoo Ummata Oromoof!

Adda Bilisummaa Oromoo
Muddee 30, 2014

British Tourist Shot to Death in Bahir Dar, Northern Ethiopia

December 24, 2014 (East Afro) — The state-affiliated Fana Broadcasting Corporation (EBC) reports that aBritish tourist was shot and killed in Bahir Dar, Ethiopia, on Wednesday afternoon, December 24, 2014. It is reported that the suspect, who is said to be a Federal Police trooper, has been caught.

Ethiopian pilot defects to Eritrea in helicopter

Russian built M-35 fighter helicopter

December 23, 2014 (Reuters) — Eritrea and Ethiopia have been locked in a border dispute for years and routinely accuse each other of backing rebels trying to destabilise and topple the other’s government

An Ethiopian air force pilot has defected to Eritrea, flying a helicopter across the border with his co-pilot and a technician, Ethiopian state-run media said on Tuesday.

The three men had been missing since Friday morning soon after leaving their base on a routinetraining session, Ethiopian Television reported.

Eritrea and Ethiopia have been locked in a border dispute for years and routinely accuse each other of backing rebels trying to destabilise and topple the other’s government – a legacy from the two-year war they fought in the late 1990s.

“The military helicopter landed in Eritrea, flown by a traitor pilot who forced both his co-pilot and a technician while they took part in a training exercise,” the report said, citing a defence ministry statement.

It did not give further details.

No official from either side was available for comment, but reports from pro-Eritrean government outlets and those of opposition groups said the helicopter was an MI-35 gunship.

Ethiopia says the spat over the demarcation of their shared border following the 1998-2000 war would only be solved through a negotiated settlement.

Eritrea wants Ethiopia to pull its troops out before normalising relations, citing a decision by a Hague-based boundary commission which awarded it the flashpoint frontier village of Badme in 2002.

Reuters

Is Ethiopia Violating UN Sanctions against North Korea: New Evidence Uncovered

December 24, 2014 | 38 North

Introduction

Since the 1970s, Ethiopia has been in the company of North Korea’s most loyal military customers. Amongst other things, Pyongyang has been a source of munitions, armored personnel carriers, tanks and tank parts, artillery and rocket fuel. In addition to these forms of assistance, North Korea has helped Ethiopia construct, operate and upgrade two weapons factory complexes—today known as the Gafat Armament Industry and Homicho Ammunition Industry. From Ethiopia’s perspective, contracting to North Korea for the initial supply of weapons production technology was a means of reducing long-term dependence on foreign military suppliers. (More comically, according to the Ethiopian Chief of Defence Staff, North Korea’s help in this regard also allows Ethiopia to meet its peacekeeping obligations).[1] Yet in practice, the effects of Ethiopia’s investment have been mixed. On the one hand, it has indeed learned to build certain varieties of small arms and munitions domestically, and now even exports its wares to countries like Sudan.[2] On the other hand, it does not seem to have been able to easily or entirely eschew North Korean assistance, and may still depend upon their goods and services.

Securing North Korean help to establish and operate arms factories in the late 1980s was neither politically poisonous, nor outright illegal, in the way that it is today. It was first with UN Security Council Resolution 1874 (2009) that a clear prohibition against purchasing “all arms and related materiel, as well as…technical training, advice, services or assistance related to the provision, manufacture, maintenance or use of such arms or materiel” from North Korea was articulated. For this reason, the UN Panel of Experts (established pursuant to Resolution 1874) has taken interest in signs of recent, continuing involvement of DPRK entities in the operations of the Homicho Ammunition Industry. And it is for the same reason that further investigation is needed into potential North Korean links with the second small arms plant in Ethiopia—the Gafat Armament Industry—about which new information, dating to the period shortly before the passage of UN Security Council Resolution 1874, has come to light.

Capacity Building

Ethiopia is neither the first, nor the only country to have lusted after an indigenous arms manufacturing capability and paid Pyongyang to help. Such facilities are peppered across the globe, in countries as diverse as Madagascar, Syria, Libya, Iran and possibly Uganda. North Korean-designed ballistic missile production lines throughout the Middle East are the most well-known examples of Pyongyang’s efforts to bolster the indigenous capacity of foreign friends. Factories producing small arms and ammunition, light weapons and some heavier conventional systems are less renowned, but are equally relevant to the implementation of the current sanctions regime against the DPRK.

For North Korea, the design and manufacture of arms factories (or individual arms production lines) in foreign countries remains an evident market opportunity. Most countries with export-oriented military industrial complexes are reluctant to assist another country in developing a level of indigenous capability that eventually reduces the customer’s dependency on foreign supply. However, in this respect as in many others, North Korea is not ‘most countries.’ It has proven more than willing to earn profit in the short-term by helping foreign friends learn to make their own weapons, even if that means losing revenue in the future. For example, in a 2004 meeting between the Nigerian Vice President and Yang Hyong Sop—the Vice President of the Presidium of the Supreme People’s Assembly—the latter proposed that North Korea provide Nigeria with ammunition production assistance.[3]

The Homicho Ammunition Industry

The first of two Ethiopian defence industry sites believed to have ties to North Korea—the Homicho Ammunition Industry—was established in 1987 as ‘Project 130’ and subsumed under the parastatal Metals and Engineering Corporation (METEC) in 2010. Based near Ambo, its production lines include: small, medium and heavy ammunition; tank shells, mortar bombs and grenades; and 120mm ‘Katyusha’ rockets.[4] The Homicho complex is the largest North Korean-assisted site. Initially, Pyongyang’s involvement probably centered on the design and establishment of production lines for munitions. These forms of assistance apparently continued through to at least late 2007, and included help manufacturing rocket-propelled grenades and truck-mounted multiple rocket launchers.

Around the same time, it also became clear that Ethiopia was suffering from dependency on North Korean spare parts and machinery for the factory. Because of their (presumably antique) North Korean design heritage, Homicho’s production lines use specific parts and machines, for which there are apparently few cost-effective available sources outside of Pyongyang.[5] Sunk costs in those facilities would have similarly made re-tooling a pricey affair.

Homicho’s centrality to the Ethiopia-North Korea relationship has made it a subject of intense interest and scrutiny. Until at least 2009, and likely thereafter, the US Embassy in Addis Ababa[6] continually exerted pressure on senior Ethiopian officials to sever related contracts with North Korea, much like the US had previously done with governments in Libya and Yemen. In November 2008, it appeared that this pressure might finally yield greater cooperation by the Ethiopian Ministry of Defense, which agreed to let the US Ambassador and a small team into Homicho the following month. Only a few days before the visit was scheduled to take place, the Defence Minister resigned and US access was promptly suspended. The Embassy was told that ‘there would be no problem with the visit if Ethiopia were to get technology or financial assistance from it.’ It is unclear whether access was successfully facilitated thereafter, though the initial offer suggests that the Ethiopian government may at least be open to greater transparency.[7]

In 2014, the UN Panel of Experts spotted public evidence of a possible continuing link between North Korea and the Homicho Ammunition Industry—by then controlled by METEC. Homicho’s official company profile listed the ‘Korea Mineral Trading General Corporation’ as one of its primary suppliers: an entity that does not appear in South Korean company registries. Given the factory’s history, it is therefore reasonable to assume that the company is North Korean. Supporting this conclusion is the fact that reference to the Korea Mineral Trading General Corporation was swiftly removed from the Homicho website following the publication of the UN Panel’s report[8] (though they apparently forgot to sanitize the accompanying PDF brochure).[9]

Gafat Armament Engineering Industry

The second site known to have been assisted by North Korea in the past is the Gafat Armament Engineering Industry, located near Debre Zeit. Gafat was opened in 1989, two years after the Homicho plant. While originally built to manufacture AK-47s and light machine guns, in 2002 it was incorporated into METEC (which also controls Homicho) and was upgraded to produce ‘40mm grenade launchers and other automatic weapons attached on armored vehicles and helicopters’ as well as ‘heavy artillery and howitzers.’ Around this time Gafat’s remit was also allegedly expanded to include armament maintenance.[10]

In addition to the confirmation of early North Korean involvement in Gafat offered in leaked US cables, a glance at marketing material for Gafat highlights the evident overlap between the weapons systems North Korea is able to indigenously produce, and those that Gafat now manufactures.

Gafat Armament Industry brochure. Photo: Metals and Engineering Corporation

Many of the systems shown above are ones that North Korea is able to produce.[11] Of course, it is worth noting that North Korea originally received or reverse-engineered many of these same systems from the Soviet Union or China, and therefore the Gafat designs bear resemblance to weapons produced by those countries as well. The twin-barreled anti-aircraft gun that is depicted (originally a Soviet design), or twelve-barrel multiple rocket launcher (originally a Chinese design) are examples. Worthy of note is the tear gas gun shown in the top right of the Gafat brochure. A gun of strikingly similar design was photographed in the hands of North Korea’s People’s Security Minister while on a 2013 visit to Uganda—a country also suspected of having received North Korean assistance in indigenous weapons production.[12]While not conclusive evidence, a commonality between many of the designs featured in Gafat’s marketing material is their familiarity to North Korea’s own defense industrial complex.

More concrete evidence of North Korean involvement in operations at Gafat dates to late 2007. An industrial engineering study of the complex’s inefficiencies, published by the University of Addis Ababa, speaks of a contract with the ‘Korea Ryong Bong General Corporation,’ active at the time of writing in late 2007, to retool production lines for the AK-47 and AK-103.[13] Records of conversations between General Samora and US officials in 2008 discuss what seems to be the same contract between the governments of Ethiopia and North Korea. Samora insisted, however, that “North Koreans have now finished their work and are leaving” Gafat.[14]

The General’s statements regarding the North Korean presence at Homicho and Gafat were frequently contradictory, however. They alternated “between ‘we will continue to source from North Korea’ and ‘we haven’t sourced from North Korea in the past year’ as well as ‘the North Koreans have left’ and ‘some of the North Koreans may still be around.’”[15] It is therefore possible that Pyongyang’s involvement in Gafat and other Ethiopian weapons factories continued beyond 2008. Enquiries into the affiliation of the ‘Korea Ryong Bong General Corporation’ and the nature and duration of its contract with Gafat is therefore necessary.

Build It and They Will Come (Again)

A gun of strikingly similar design to one shown on the Gafat brochure was photographed in the hands of North Korea’s People’s Security Minister while on a 2013 visit to Uganda. Photo: AFP.

Contradictory statements by Ethiopian officials, as well as fresh suspicions about Gafat’s ties to North Korea, are reasons to continue to ask questions about whether Pyongyang’s involvement in domestic arms production persists. Alleged dependency upon North Korean supply is another. General Samora and other Ethiopian officials have repeatedly affirmed that METEC-run weapons factories are ‘dependent’ upon North Korean spare parts and machines for their production lines, as noted above. Provision of any such spare parts, machines or maintenance services by North Korea would now be sanctioned activity.

Even if cooperation has recently ended, modest but growing evidence suggests that sanctions may at some stage have been breached by the Ethiopian government and/or METEC, which controls the two factories in question. The UN Panel of Experts’ recent interest in Homicho speaks to the Panel’s concern that any North Korean link with the site may be in violation of UN Security Council Resolution 1874. Indeed, Homicho’s subsequent, swift sanitization of its publicized suppliers list compounds suspicion that interaction between METEC and Pyongyang is continuing in breach of the current sanctions regime. Furthermore, North Koreans were acknowledged by officials to still be on the ground at the Gafat site only months before Resolution 1874 was passed—as part of a contract between the government-run METEC and the Korea Ryong Bong General Corporation. Temporally, this takes confirmed cooperation too close to sanctions territory for comfort.

——————————-

[1] “Defense Officials Impose Last-Minute Impediments on Arms Inquiry on North Korea,” Embassy Addis Ababa (Ethiopia), 14/01/2008, #08ADDISABABA87. Accessed via Wikileaks on May 27, 2014.

[2] Homicho Ammunition Engineering Industry—A Fact Sheet, Metals and Engineering Corporation,,http://www.metec.gov.et/images/PDF/Homicho%20Ammunition%20Engineering%20Industry.pdf.

[3] “North Korea offers Nigeria missile deal,” Washington Times, January 28, 2004,http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2004/jan/28/20040128-114425-6730r/?page=all.

[4] Homicho Ammunition Industry, op cit.

[5] “Ethiopia: Scenesetter for Secretary Rice’s December 5 Visit,” Embassy Addis Ababa (Ethiopia), November 30, 2007, #07ADDISABABA3430. Accessed via Wikileaks on May 27, 2014

[6] “Defense Officials Impose Last-Minute Impediments on Arms Inquiry on North Korea,” op cit.

[7] Ibid.

[8] “Report of the Panel of Experts Established Pursuant to Resolution 1874 (2009),” United Nations Security Council, S/2014/147, pp. 35 -36.

[9] Homicho Ammunition Engineering Industry—A Fact Sheet, Metals and Engineering Corporation,http://www.metec.gov.et/images/PDF/Homicho%20Ammunition%20Engineering%20Industry.pdf. A search using Wayback Machine reveals the fact that reference to the Korean entity was removed following the UN Panel report.

[10] Gafat Armament Industry, Metals and Engineering Corporation,http://www.metec.gov.et/index.php/en/metec-industries/gafat-armament-industry.

[11] For an overview of North Korean weapons systems in the 1990s, including photographs or drawings, see the “North Korea Country Handbook,” US Department of Defense, May 1997,http://fas.org/nuke/guide/dprk/nkor.pdf.

[12] Andrea Berger, “A Legal Precipice? The DPRK-Uganda Security Relationship,” 38 North, November 13, 2014, http://38north.org/2014/11/aberger111314/.

[13] Tewodros Rufael, “Design of Enterprise Resource Planning: Framework and Its Implementation,” Supervised by Dr. Subhash Chandra at the Graduate Studies of Addis Ababa University, November 2007, pp. 8-9.

[14] “Defense Officials Impose Last-Minute Impediments on Arms Inquiry on North Korea,” op cit.

[15] Ibid.

Bulee Horaa Yuuniversitiitti Barattootni Oromoo Gaaffii Mirgaa Kaasneef Deebiin Haqaa Hanga kennamu Barnoota Itti Hin Deebinu Jechuun Qondaalota Wayyaanee Waliin Wal Qabaa Jiru.

December 11, 2014By Qeerrooin Oduu/NewsLeave a comment

Gabaasa Qeerroo Yuuniversitii Bulee Horaa, Muddee 11,2014
Yuuniversitii Bulee Horaa, addeessu itti guyyoota lamaan dura Qeerroon mooraa Yuuniversitii Bulee Horaa keessaa waraqoota qabsoo balaliituu mooraa keessa tamsaasuun isaa waan yaadatamuudha, akka gabaasni nu gahe ibsaa jirutti waraqaan hedduun kan mooraa keessatti bittimfamee bule mirgi uummata Oromoo haa kabajamu, gaaffiin uummata barattootaa deebii haa argatu, hanga kun deebiin mootummaa biraa itti kennamutti barumsa akka hin baranne, gaaffiin mirgaa deebii kennamuufii qaba jechuun barattootni nyaata akka lagatan.

Muddee 10/2014 barattootni mooraa guutummaan nyaata lagachuudhaan mooraa keessatti gaaffiin uummata Oromoo deebii hanga mootummaan itti kennutti barumsas tahe nageenyaan tasgabboofnee mooraa keessa jiraachuu akka hin dandeenye ibsa kennaa akka turan gabaasni Qeerroo har’a nnu gahe addeessa. Kanumaan itti fufuudhaan motummaan Wayyaanee har’a akeekkachisa kennuuf murtoo keessa kan seenaa jiru barattootni addatti barattootni Oromoo Yuuniversitii keessa jiran fincila kaasuudhaaf waamicha waliif taasisaa waan jiranif dursanii of qopheessuu caasaa isaa mooraa yuuniversitii hundaatti beeksisuun gama caasaa mootumaan dhagayamaa jira, sochiin barattoota Oromoo Yuuniversitii Bulee Horaa keessatti yeroo ammaa adeemsifamaa jiru dhimmoota gaaffii mirga uummata Oromoo kabachiisu fi hidhamtootni akka bahan, lafti Oromoo fi Oromiyaa gurgarmuu fi saamichia akka dhaabbatuuf gaaffii kaasuun kan wal qabate sochiin fincilaa mul’ate hanga uummata naannichaa kaasutti argame, qote bulaanis barattoota deggeruuf of qopheessee ka’u gabaasni nu gahe addeessa.

Ethiopia: Release protestors, stop crushing political opposition

December 11, 2014 (Amnesty International) — On 5 and 6 December, security services in Addis Ababa arrested an estimated 90 people during attempts to stage a demonstration by a coalition of nine opposition political parties. The arrests are the latest manifestation of the authorities’ hostility towards the political opposition ahead of the general election scheduled for May 2015. The Ethiopian authorities must ensure the immediate and unconditional release of those arrested for peaceful participation in, or the organization of, the demonstration, and all others imprisoned in Ethiopia for the peaceful expression of their political opinion.

Amnesty International is concerned that in the period ahead of next year’s poll such instances of the authorities cracking down on political opposition will intensify.

The nine-party coalition was attempting to stage a demonstration in Addis Ababa’s Meskel Square on 6 December as the culmination of a series of activities calling for a free and fair election.

The exact number of people arrested has not been established, but the political parties involved report that around 90 people arrested in relation to the demonstration have appeared in court remand hearings in recent days.

The Semayawi (Blue) party, one of the coalition members, says that around 75 of its members and leadership were arrested, including its Chair, Engineer Yilkal Getnet, who is reported to have been injured as a result of beating by the police before he was arrested. The leaders of at least three other parties in the coalition were also arrested – Girma Bekele of the Omo People’s Democratic Union and Chair of the coalition, Erchafo Erdelo, Chair of the Kembata Peoples’ Congress and Alesa Mengesha, Chair of the Gedeo People’s Democratic Organization.

The other parties in the coalition are the All Ethiopian Democratic Party, the All Ethiopian Unity Party, the All Ethiopian National Party, the All Amhara People’s Organization and the Sodo Gordona Democratic Organization.

Two eye-witnesses told Amnesty International that there was a heavy federal police presence in Meskel Square on 6 December. Some would-be protestors were reportedly arrested on their way to the square. Another group was arrested shortly after leaving the Semayawi party office to walk to the square. The latter group was reported to have been beaten by police, resulting in a number of injuries.

The two groups are being detained in Sostegna (third) and Cherkos police stations.

The group detained in Sostegna police station, which numbers over 50 people, the majority of whom are Semayawi party members, appeared at Arada first instance court on 8 December, accused of participating in an illegal demonstration and attempting to overthrow the Constitution. They were remanded in custody until 22 December. 27 people detained at Cherkos police station were brought before a court in the Cherkos area, also on 8 December, accused of destroying public property in Meskel Square and remanded in custody until 15 December.

A group of six further Semayawi party members and two members of the All Ethiopian Unity Party, were arrested on 5 December after leaving the Semayawi office, and are being detained in Kotebe police station. They reportedly appeared in Yeka first instance court on the day of their arrest and were remanded in custody until 15 December.

The Semayawi party told Amnesty International it had informed the city administration of its intention to stage a demonstration, as required under the relevant proclamation, and had received a response informing the party it should not hold the demonstration, due to construction work in Meskel Square and a reported lack of security services to police the event. The response did not offer an alternative date or location. Semayawi states that due to this failure, it went ahead with its plans.

According to the Proclamation to Establish the Procedure for Peaceful Demonstration and Public Political Meeting (No. 3/1991), anyone planning to hold a demonstration must provide written notice to the relevant authorities 48 hours in advance, providing specifics of the nature, time, location and number of expected participants. The administrative office must provide a written response to the applicant within 12 hours if it is preferable that the demonstration be held at a different time or location.

The Ethiopian Constitution, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights all oblige the Ethiopian government to respect, protect and fulfil the rights to freedom of expression, association and assembly. Under international law, any restrictions on the exercise of these rights may only be such as are demonstrably necessary and proportionate for specific reasons recognised as legitimate, and must not undermine the right itself. Despite these legal obligations on the Ethiopian government, thousands of Ethiopians have been arrested in 2014 alone for their involvement in protests.

The Ethiopian government’s intolerance of dissent is increasing apace ahead of next May’s general elections. Throughout 2014, as well as large-scale arrests of protestors, there have been multiple arrests of members and leadership of opposition political parties, as well as other dissenting voices.

The Oromo Federalist Congress opposition political party reported that between 350 and 500 of its members were arrested between May and July, with further arrests of party members continuing every month since then. In July, Yeshewas Asefa of the Semayawi party was arrested along with Habtamu Ayalew and Daniel Shebeshi of the Unity for Democracy and Justice (UDJ) party and Abraha Desta of the Arena Tigray party. The four were subsequently charged under the Anti-Terrorism Proclamation. Semayawi members Befekadu Abebe, a party official in Arba Minch, and Agbaw Setegn, a member from Gondar, both remain in Maikelawi federal police detention centre since their arrests in September and October respectively.

The Semayawi party has also reported numerous arrests of its members throughout the year in relation to protests or attempts to stage protests. Seven female members were arrested in March during a run to mark International Women’s Day in Addis Ababa, along with three male party members. They had been chanting slogans including “We need freedom! Free political prisoners!” They were released without charge after ten days. In late April, 20 members of the party were arrested while promoting and distributing flyers for a demonstration in Addis Ababa. They were released after 11 days.

The crackdown has also included the remnants of independent media in the country during the year. Seven independent publications were targeted in an orchestrated smear campaign in the state-owned media, alleging they had printed a number of articles which ‘promoted terrorism,’ denied the economic growth, belittled the legacy of Meles Zenawi, and other ‘transgressions.’ Subsequently over 20 journalists fled the country under threat of prosecution. Six bloggers from the Zone 9 collective and three independent journalists associated with the group were arrested in April, and later charged with terrorism offences. The arrests came just days after the group announced on social media the resumption of its activities, which included a programme of work leading up to the elections, such as voter education. In late October, after a trial that had lasted more than two years, editor Temesgen Desalegn was sentenced to three years’ imprisonment for ‘defamation’ and ‘inciting the public through false rumours’ in the now-defunct publication ‘Feteh.’

This series of events demonstrates that, despite the fact that since the 2005 elections the government has taken multiple steps to entrench its rule and suppress other political parties, to coerce voters, and to dismantle opposition and dissent, the authorities still are intent on stifling any possibilities of political opposition ahead of May’s poll.

Amnesty International is concerned there will be further human rights violations ahead of the elections, including arbitrary arrests and the detention of opposition political party members, and possible violence against opposition party members and demonstrators.

In the lead-up to the 2015 elections, the government must ensure the ability of all Ethiopians to exercise their right to hold and express political opinions without fear of arrest or other repercussions, and must immediately remove unlawful restrictions on free and open political participation, including restrictions on the independent media, civil society organisations and opposition political parties. The government should also issue clear orders to security services to cease their harassment and arrest of persons peacefully expressing opposition to the government, including those campaigning for opposition political parties.

Anyone who has been arrested based solely on their activities as a member of an opposition political party, their peaceful expression of dissent or of their political opinion, their journalistic activities or their participation in a peaceful protest, must be immediately and unconditionally released.

Source: Amnesty International

ETHIOPIA: Outbreak of Deadly Disease in Jail, Denial of Graduation of University Students

HRLHA – URGENT ACTION

December 10, 2014

The Human Rights League of the Horn of Africa (HRLHA) would like to express its deep concern over the outbreak of a deadly disease at Gimbi Jail in Western Wollega, as a result of which one inmate has already died and sixty (60) others infected. HRLHA strongly believes that the very poor sanitation in the jail, absence of basic necessities, and denial of treatment after catching the illness have contributed to Mr. Yaikob Nigaru’s death. HRLHA fears that those who have already caught the disease might be facing the same fate. It is well documented that particularly inmates deemed “political prisoners” are deliberately subjected to unfriendly and unhealthy environments and, after getting sick as a result, are not allowed access to treatment until they approach or reach the stage of coma, which is when recoveries are very unlikely. HRLHA considers it one way of the systematic eliminations of alleged and/or perceived political dissidents.

Mr. Ya’kob Nigatu was one of the 224 Oromo Nationals (139 from Gimbi in Western Wollaga, 80 from Ambo, and 5 from Ma’ikellawi in Addis Ababa/Finfinne) who were charged by the Federal Government on the 10^th of November, 2014 for allegedly committing acts of terrorism in relation to the April/May, 2014 peaceful protests by Oromo students in different parts of the regional state of Oromia. HRLHA has learnt that five of the 224 Oromo defendants, who were held at the infamous Ma’ikelawi Criminal Investigation for about six months, were subjected to harassments and intimidations through isolations and confinements, with no visitations by relatives and friends, no access to a lawyer, and no open court appearance until when they were eventually taken to court to be given the charges. Those five Oromo nationals, who were transferred to Kilinto Jail right after receiving the alleged terrorism charges, were:

1. Ababe Urgessa Fakkansa (a student from Haromaya University),
2. Magarsa Warqu Fayyisa (a student from Haromaya University),
3. Addunya Kesso (a student from Adama University),
4. Bilisumma Dammana (a student from Adama University),
5. Tashale Baqala Garba (a student from Jimma University), and
6. Lejjisa Alamayyo Soressa (a student from Jimma University).

Besides the outbreak of a deadly disease witnessed at Gimbi Jail, and the likelihood of the same situations to occur particularly at highly populated and crowded jails, Kilinto is known to be one of the very notorious substandard prisons in the country. Such facts taken into consideration, HRLHA would like to express its deep concern over the safety of those young Oromo prisoners.

HRLHA has also received reports that 29 Oromo nationals, who have been attending the Addis Ababa/Finfinne University, have been denied proofs of graduations (degrees and/or diplomas) and, as a result, prevented from graduating after completing their studies for allegedly taking part in the April/May peaceful protests of Oromo students and other nationals against the newly drafted and introduced Finfinne Master Plan. The 29 Oromo students were first detained along with 23 other Oromo students of the same university, following the protests, and released on bails ranging between $1000.00 and $4000.00 Birr. Upon re-admission back to the University, they were all (52 of them) forced to appear before the disciplinary committee of the University, where they were asked to confess that their involvement in the peaceful demonstrations was wrong and that they should apologize to the Government and the public. According to reports from HRLHA’s correspondents, it was the students’ refusal to confess and apologize that has resulted in their prevention from graduating, despite their fulfillment of all the academic requirements. HRLHA describes the University’s becoming a political weapon as shameful, and the restrictions imposed on Oromo students as a pure act of racism aimed at partisan political gains. Of the 29 Oromo students who have become victims of the University’s non-academic action, HRLHA has obtained names of the following nine students:

1. Jirra Birhanu
2. Jilo Kemee
3. Mangistu Daadhii
4. Taddasaa Gonfaa
5. Lammeessa Mararaa
6. Ganna Jamal
7. Nuguse Gammadaa
8. Dajanee Daggafaa
9. Gaddisaa Dabaree

BACKGROUNDS:

The human rights League of the Horn of Africa (HRLHA) has reported (May 1st and 13th, 2014, urgent actions, www.humanrightleague.org) on the heavy-handed crackdown of the Ethiopian Federal Government’s Agazi Special Squad and the resultant extra-judicial killings of 34 (thirty-four) Oromo nationals; and the arrests and detentions of hundreds of others. Besides, Amnesty International in its most recent report on Ethiopia – “Because I am Oromo – Sweeping repression in the Oromia region of Ethiopia” – has exposed how Oromo nationals have been regularly subjected to arbitrary arrest, prolonged detention without charge, enforced disappearance, repeated torture and unlawful state killings as part of the government’s incessant attempts to crush dissent.

Also, the provisions in Ethiopia’s anti-terrorism law have been criticized by local, regional, and international human rights agencies such as Human Rights Watch and Amnesty International as violating most of the fundamental rights guaranteed in the Ethiopian Constitution, other legal documents and international human rights standards that the Country has ratified. Given Ethiopia’s proven track record of mistreating and/or torturing suspected members and supporters of opposition political organizations, HRLHA calls upon the world communities, human rights, humanitarian, and diplomatic agencies so that they monitor using all means available how those young prisoners are treated in Ethiopian jails.

Please direct your concerns to:

His Excellency, Mr. Haila Mariam Dessalegn, Prime Minister of Ethiopia
P.O.Box – 1031 Addis Ababa
Telephone – +251 155 20 44; +251 111 32 41
Fax – +251 155 20 30 , +251 15520

Office of the President of Oromia Regional State  
Telephone – 0115510455

Office of the Ministry of Justice of Ethiopia
PO Box 1370,
Addis Ababa,
Ethiopia
Fax: +251 11 5517775; +251 11 5520874
Email: ministry-justice@telecom.net.et

UNESCO Headquarters, Paris.
7 place de Fontenoy 75352 Paris 07 SP France
1 rue Miollis 75732 Paris Cedex 15 France
General phone: +33 (0)1 45 68 10 00
www.unesco.org

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO)- Africa Department
7 place Fontenoy,75352
Paris 07 SP
France
General phone: +33 (0)1 45 68 10 00
Website: http://www.unesco.org/new/en/africa-department/

UNESCO AFRICA RIGIONAL OFFICE
MR. JOSEPH NGU
Director, UNESCO Office in Abuja
Mail: j.ngu@unesco.org
Tel: +251 11 5445284
Fax: +251 11 5514936

Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights
United Nations Office at Geneva – 1211 Geneva 10, Switzerland
Fax: + 41 22 917 9022 (particularly for urgent matters)
E-mail: tb-petitions@ohchr.org (this e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)

Office of the UNHCR
Telephone: 41 22 739 8111
Fax: 41 22 739 7377
Po Box: 2500
Geneva, Switzerland.

African Commission on Human and Peoples‘ Rights (ACHPR)
48 Kairaba Avenue, P.O.Box 673, Banjul, The Gambia.
Tel: (220) 4392 962 , 4372070, 4377721 – 23 Fax: (220) 4390 764
E-mail: achpr@achpr.org

Council of Europe, Commissioner for Human Rights,
F-67075 Strasbourg Cedex, FRANCE
+ 33 (0)3 88 41 34 21, + 33 (0)3 90 21 50 53
Email (C/O): pressunit@coe.int

U.S. Department of State
Laura Hruby, Ethiopia Desk Officer
U.S. State Department
Email: HrubyLP@state.gov
Tel: (202) 647-6473

Amnesty International – London
Claire Beston, Claire Beston”
Claire.Beston@amnesty.org

Human Rights Watch
Felix Horne, “Felix Horne” hornef@hrw.org.